2012年大众甲壳虫玻璃升降器故障案例
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px; color: rgb(78, 83, 88); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; outline: 0px !important;">车辆信息：2012年进口甲壳虫。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px; color: rgb(78, 83, 88); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; outline: 0px !important;"><img decoding="async" src="https://wapq.cn/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250305115030974-IMG_2736.png" alt="20250305115030974-IMG_2736" data-edit-file-id="249" data-full-url="https://wapq.cn/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250305115030974-IMG_2736.png" imgbox-index="0" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px !important; border: 0px; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; max-height: 100%; height: auto; display: block; margin: auto;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px; color: rgb(78, 83, 88); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; outline: 0px !important;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px; color: rgb(78, 83, 88); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; outline: 0px !important;">故障现象:司机反映左前门玻璃升降器间隙性不工作。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px; color: rgb(78, 83, 88); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; outline: 0px !important;">故障检修:接到该车时，左前门玻璃升降器升降也是无法动作的。首先便使用诊断仪读取故障码，故障码如下图所示:</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px; color: rgb(78, 83, 88); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; outline: 0px !important;"><img decoding="async" src="https://wapq.cn/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250305115031885-IMG_2737.png" alt="20250305115031885-IMG_2737" data-edit-file-id="250" data-full-url="https://wapq.cn/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250305115031885-IMG_2737.png" imgbox-index="1" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px !important; border: 0px; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; max-height: 100%; height: auto; display: block; margin: auto;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px; color: rgb(78, 83, 88); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; outline: 0px !important;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px; color: rgb(78, 83, 88); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; outline: 0px !important;">从故障码中可以读出很多故障码，包括右后升降器开关、中控锁等等故障，从故障码中能获取的故障点有两个，一个是关于电机温度过热保护，另一个是关于开关的不可信信号。而导致电机温度过热保护的因素有:<br style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px !important;">1.开关失灵，长时间给电机通电，致使电机过热保护。<br style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px !important;">2.线路对地短路，或对正短路，致使电机过热保护。<br style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px !important;">3.玻璃升降器轨道过脏，玻璃上升、下降速度变慢，电机扭矩增大，致使电机过热保护。<br style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px !important;">4.电机本体，内部线圈老化，致使电机过热保护等等<br style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px !important;">我优先考虑开关失灵导致电机温度过高，先使用诊断仪读取左前玻璃升降器开关的数据，每次按上升、下降、自动升、自动降和未按下时开关的数据如下图所示:</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px; color: rgb(78, 83, 88); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; outline: 0px !important;"><img decoding="async" src="https://wapq.cn/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250305115031844-IMG_2738.png" alt="20250305115031844-IMG_2738" data-edit-file-id="251" data-full-url="https://wapq.cn/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250305115031844-IMG_2738.png" imgbox-index="2" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px !important; border: 0px; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; max-height: 100%; height: auto; display: block; margin: auto;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px; color: rgb(78, 83, 88); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; outline: 0px !important;"><img decoding="async" src="https://wapq.cn/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250305115032368-IMG_2739.png" alt="20250305115032368-IMG_2739" data-edit-file-id="252" data-full-url="https://wapq.cn/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250305115032368-IMG_2739.png" imgbox-index="3" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px !important; border: 0px; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; max-height: 100%; height: auto; display: block; margin: auto;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px; color: rgb(78, 83, 88); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; outline: 0px !important;"><img decoding="async" src="https://wapq.cn/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250305115033812-IMG_2740.png" alt="20250305115033812-IMG_2740" data-edit-file-id="253" data-full-url="https://wapq.cn/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250305115033812-IMG_2740.png" imgbox-index="4" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px !important; border: 0px; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; max-height: 100%; height: auto; display: block; margin: auto;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px; color: rgb(78, 83, 88); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; outline: 0px !important;"><img decoding="async" src="https://wapq.cn/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250305115033783-IMG_2741.png" alt="20250305115033783-IMG_2741" data-edit-file-id="254" data-full-url="https://wapq.cn/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250305115033783-IMG_2741.png" imgbox-index="5" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px !important; border: 0px; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; max-height: 100%; height: auto; display: block; margin: auto;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px; color: rgb(78, 83, 88); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; outline: 0px !important;"><img decoding="async" src="https://wapq.cn/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250305115043515-IMG_2742.png" alt="20250305115043515-IMG_2742" data-edit-file-id="256" data-full-url="https://wapq.cn/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250305115043515-IMG_2742.png" imgbox-index="6" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px !important; border: 0px; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; max-height: 100%; height: auto; display: block; margin: auto;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px; color: rgb(78, 83, 88); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; outline: 0px !important;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px; color: rgb(78, 83, 88); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; outline: 0px !important;">从数据流中可以读取到开关每一次按下时开关都是有信号给电机的，并且不存在卡滞的现象，便可以排除开关问题导致电机过热保护。便查阅该车的电路图。电路图如下图所示:</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px; color: rgb(78, 83, 88); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; outline: 0px !important;"><img decoding="async" src="https://wapq.cn/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250305115042660-IMG_2743-1024x480.png" alt="20250305115042660-IMG_2743" data-edit-file-id="255" data-full-url="https://wapq.cn/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250305115042660-IMG_2743.png" imgbox-index="7" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px !important; border: 0px; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; max-height: 100%; height: auto; display: block; margin: auto;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px; color: rgb(78, 83, 88); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; outline: 0px !important;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px; color: rgb(78, 83, 88); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; outline: 0px !important;">当看到该车的电路图后，可以从电路图中分析出，该车的控制逻辑以及执行器的执行方式是：电机模块的开关信号线通过开关上的电阻串联分压，从而得到开关在每一个位置的电压信号，电机模块的程序根据这个信号控制电机的相应动作，并且通过总线给J519信号，因为此中电机是带控制器的，所以从开关到电机的线路是好的，电机到J519的线路是好的。检查电机模块的电源接地也是正常的，便把电机拆下来,而且电机的温度用手去摸一点也不高，约等于常温，插上电机插头后，再按动开关，发现电机转了，转了一两圈不转了，再按动开关，电机反转两圈又不转了，按了两三次过后电机不转了，然后用手去摸电机温度也不高。此时电机却不转了，通过诊断仪观察此时升降器开关的状态，开关状态每一次按下状态都是正常的，不带一点卡滞现象。而振动了一下电机，电机也不转。便判断电机损坏。更换后故障解决。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px; color: rgb(78, 83, 88); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; outline: 0px !important;">故障总结:现在大部分大众车系等，玻璃升降器开关都是使用电阻串联分压，当开关在每一个状态时，开关输出的信号电压都不一样，这条信号线的电压有去到车身电脑的，有给电机控制模块后，电机控制模块通过总线传输给BCM。而BCM想要控制其他玻璃升降则必须通过总线的广播式传输，然后相应的电机接收到动作信号后动作。维修此种玻璃升降故障时，最好先使用诊断仪读取开关的实时数据流，便可知道开关信号是否正常，可以快速的初步判定开关有无损坏。开关无动作就检查开关的线路、开关本体等等。如果开关动作，就检查模块输入输出，看是否正常，如果模块输入输出正常，就要考虑线路或是电机了。</p><p></p>
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